RAW explained in simple terms
When you take a photo, the camera sensor captures light and converts it to digital data. In JPG mode, the camera processes that data immediately — adjusting white balance, sharpening, contrast, and compression — then saves the final result.
In RAW mode, the camera skips most of that processing and saves the raw sensor data instead. You get an unfinished image that contains more information but looks flat and dull straight out of the camera.
Each camera brand uses its own RAW format: Canon uses CR2 and CR3, Nikon uses NEF, Sony uses ARW, and Adobe created DNG as a universal alternative. Despite different extensions, they all serve the same purpose.
What RAW files contain that JPG does not
RAW files store 12 to 14 bits of data per color channel, compared to 8 bits in JPG. This means RAW captures roughly 4,000 to 16,000 brightness levels per channel, while JPG captures only 256.
That extra data gives you far more flexibility when editing. You can recover blown-out highlights, lift deep shadows, and adjust white balance after the shot without destroying image quality.
RAW also preserves more dynamic range — the difference between the brightest and darkest parts of a scene. This matters most in high-contrast situations like sunsets, backlit portraits, and indoor windows.
The downsides of shooting RAW
File size is the biggest practical drawback. A RAW file is typically 3 to 5 times larger than an equivalent JPG. A full memory card of JPGs might hold 2,000 photos; the same card holds 400–600 in RAW.
RAW files require editing before they look good. The flat, desaturated appearance straight from the camera surprises beginners who expect a polished result.
Compatibility is another issue. You cannot upload RAW files to most websites, social media platforms, or email them easily. They need to be converted to JPG or another standard format first.
When to shoot RAW vs JPG
Shoot RAW when lighting is challenging, when you plan to edit photos seriously, or when image quality is critical — weddings, landscapes, and commercial work benefit most.
Shoot JPG for casual snapshots, events where you need to share photos immediately, or when storage space is limited. Modern phone and camera JPG processing is excellent for everyday use.
Many cameras offer RAW plus JPG mode, saving both formats simultaneously. This gives you an editable RAW file and a ready-to-share JPG in one shutter press.
Convert RAW files to JPG easily
Sooner or later, every RAW file needs conversion for sharing, printing, or uploading. Desktop editors like Lightroom and Capture One handle this well, but they require installation and often a subscription.
The RAW to JPG tool on Irreva converts camera RAW files directly in your browser. Upload your CR2, NEF, ARW, or DNG file and download a standard JPG that opens anywhere.
Open the RAW to JPG converter to turn your unprocessed camera files into shareable images — free, fast, and without uploading your photos to any server.